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Phosphorus, a key element for life, found in Saturn's moon Enceladus

 Scientists have made a breakthrough discovery that could boost the chances of finding life beyond Earth. They have detected phosphorus, a vital element for life, in the ocean of Enceladus, one of Saturn's icy moons. The finding is reported in the journal Nature .  Phosphorus is one of the six essential elements for life, along with carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. It is used to build DNA, RNA and cell membranes, and is crucial for energy metabolism and cellular communication. Enceladus is a small moon that has a global ocean of liquid water beneath its frozen surface. The ocean periodically erupts through cracks in the ice, sending plumes of water vapor and ice grains into space. These plumes were sampled by NASA's Cassini spacecraft, which orbited Saturn from 2004 to 2017. Using data from Cassini, researchers found traces of phosphorus in the form of sodium phosphates, a salt sometimes used in deli meat here on Earth, in the ice grains ejected by Enceladus....
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NASA's MAVEN spacecraft reveals stunning ultraviolet views of Mars

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NASA's MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN) mission has acquired stunning views of Mars in two ultraviolet images taken at different points along our neighboring planet's orbit around the sun. The images show how the Martian atmosphere responds to changes in seasons and solar activity. They also reveal the diversity of clouds and ozone in the upper atmosphere. © NASA/LASP/CU Boulder MAVEN is the first spacecraft dedicated to exploring the tenuous upper atmosphere of Mars. The mission's combination of detailed point measurements and global observations provides a powerful way to understand the properties of the upper atmosphere¹. MAVEN's Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) instrument captured the remarkable ultraviolet views. According to NASA, the instrument has been designed to measure ultraviolet wavelengths ranging from 110 to 340 nanometers, which fall outside of the visible range. One image was taken in July 2022, during the southern hemisphere's ...
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New study sheds light on the origins of Earth and Mars

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A team of researchers from Denmark, Sweden and China has published a new study in Nature that reveals the composition and formation of the two most habitable planets in the Solar System: Earth and Mars. The study is based on the analysis of silicon isotopes, which are variations of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, in different types of meteorites. Silicon is the most abundant refractory element in rocky planets, and its isotopic composition can trace the origin and evolution of planetary building blocks. The researchers found that Earth and Mars have distinct silicon isotopic signatures that differ from those of chondrites, which are primitive meteorites that represent the undifferentiated material of the early Solar System. This means that chondrites are not the main source of material for terrestrial planets, as previously thought. Instead, the study suggests that Earth and Mars were formed from material similar to early-formed differentiated asteroids, which are...
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